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Chargé d'affaires
In diplomacy, a ''chargé d'affaires'' (French for "charged with (in charge of) matters"), often shortened to simply ''chargé'', is a diplomat – usually a diplomatic secretary, counselor or minister – who heads a diplomatic mission (e.g., an embassy) in the absence of its titular head (e.g., an ambassador).
A ''chargé d'affaires'' represents his or her nation in the country they are accredited to, and enjoys the same privileges and immunities as a regular ambassador. However, ''chargés d'affaires'' are outranked by ambassadors and have lower precedence at formal diplomatic events. In most cases, a diplomat would only serve as a ''chargé d'affaires'' on a temporary basis in the absence of the ambassador. In unusual situations, a ''chargé d'affaires'' may be appointed for an indefinite period, in cases where disputes between the two countries make it impossible or undesirable to send agents of a higher diplomatic rank.
==Types of ''chargés''==
''Chargés d'affaires'' ''ad interim'' ("a.i.") are those who temporarily head a diplomatic mission in the absence of the accredited head of that mission. It is usual to appoint a counsellor or secretary of legation to be ''chargé d'affaires'' ''ad interim'', and he is presented to the foreign minister of the receiving state by the former head of mission before he leaves his post. ''Chargés d'affaires'' ''ad interim'' are not themselves deemed to be formally accredited, as they do not possess diplomatic credentials.
''Chargés d'affaires'' ''en pied'' are appointed to be permanent heads of mission, in cases where the two countries lack ambassadorial-level relations. They are appointed by letters of credence from the foreign minister of the sending state to the foreign minister of the receiving state. They have precedence over ''chargés d'affaires'' ''ad interim'', but are outranked by ambassadors.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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